Euthanasia Essay - Artificial Life or Natural Death? :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Counterfeit Life or Natural Death?         Euthanasia has been a fervently bantered about theme for the past couple of decades, however has as of late been pushed into the spotlight by numerous questionable court and emergency clinic choices.         Euthanasia is characterized as the benevolence murdering of an individual who is mind dead, in critical condition or in any case hanging on by a thread. This normally, however not essentially, influences individuals who are isolated from death just by machines. Regardless of whether you by and by accept benevolence executing is a practical arrangement in a sad circumstance or not the advocates for the two sides give contentions that can be very persuading. Supporters of willful extermination state that it is such an implausibility for a phenomenal recuperation and an arrival to an ordinary life that it is not worth getting the patient through all the torment and misery that delaying their life would cause or the fortune of emergency clinic charges that you would pay. The restriction feels that it isn't directly for individuals to surrender other individuals from humankind on the grounds that there is consistently an opportunity, despite the fact that it is a little one, that they will recover all functons and come back to an ordinary life.         There are numerous cases wherein willful extermination is worthy. Cerebrum passing is one circumstance which merits willful extermination. It is likewise one of the more typical cases where killing is mentioned. Cerebrum demise is the point at which all mind exercises stop.         The lines are genuinely all around attracted the law about patients who are enduring yet are still compotent, however when the law is approached to decide the destiny of a waiting, out cold, incompotent persistent the lines start to obscure. In numerous cases the courts went to the patient's family, however imagine a scenario in which there are most certainly not. any or they disagree?  In such cases who chooses? In a questionable choice a Massachusetts court permitted that it would summon its own substitute judgment for the benefit of an intellectually sick lady. In a subsequent case referenced in the January 7 issue of Newsweek, a Minnesota Surpreme court went to three clinic morals boards of trustees to audit a perishing introvert's case, followed their gathered knowledge and requested him off the respirator with the goal that he could have an honorable death.  It is

Central Limit Theorem free essay sample

Focal LIMIT THEOREM There are numerous circumstances in business where populaces are circulated typically; be that as it may, this isn't generally the situation. A few instances of disseminations that aren’t ordinary are wages in a district that are slanted to the other side and in the event that you have to are taking a gander at people’s ages yet need to separate them to for people. We need an approach to take a gander at the recurrence circulations of these models. We can discover them by utilizing the Central Limit Theorem. The Central Limit Theorem expresses that arbitrary examples taken from a populace will have an ordinary dissemination as long as the example size is adequately enormous. The example mean will be roughly equivalent to the populace mean. The sample’s standard deviation will be equivalent to the population’s standard deviation. The Central Limit Theorem is so significant on the grounds that with it we will know the state of the examining circulation despite the fact that we may not comprehend what the populace appropriation resembles. We will compose a custom exposition test on Focal Limit Theorem or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The genuine key to this whole hypothesis is the term adequately enormous. On the off chance that the example size isn’t adequately enormous, the recurrence dissemination for the example size won't look equivalent to it accomplishes for the populace. For populaces that are extremely symmetric, example sizes of a few will do. This is because of the way that symmetric populaces will in general have ordinary disseminations as of now. Be that as it may, if there is any skewedness whatsoever, you will require a bigger example size to have ordinary dissemination. In these cases, a preservationist figure for an adequately enormous example size is more than thirty. Here are the means to finding the probabilities related with an examining dispersion of x bar. First you have to discover the example mean by isolating the total of the examples by the quantity of tests. Next you should characterize the examining dispersion. On the off chance that you have an example size that is adequately huge, this will be roughly typical. The third step is to characterize the likelihood articulation of intrigue. The last advance is to utilize the standard typical dispersion to find that likelihood of intrigue. You do that by finding the z-esteem and changing over it into a likelihood.

Cabin Crew

Answers for the Cabin Crew Final Interview by Kara Grand www. FllghtAttendantCentral. Com 2011 Flight Attendant Central. All rights held. Welcome to Flight Attendant Central! This unique 25 Questions and Answers report is an amazing asset while getting ready for your meeting. I arranged this rundown dependent on the most generally asked lodge group last Interview inquiries. You will discover the inquiries, the rules on what your answer ought to or ought not be and an example answer. Have additionally Included a clear region at each question where o have the space to fill in your answer as it applies to your experience.I am parting with this to help the same number of individuals as I can. I accept that the more you give, the more you get. The way to accomplishment in your lodge group evaluation day is readiness. Comprehending what's in store and indicating as well as can be expected be are urgent factors all the while. I trust this guide gives you a view into a portion of the signifi cant things you have to consider as you plan for your last meeting. I am likewise anticipating sharing significantly increasingly ground-breaking preparing and data with you! See you up there, Kara Grand Creator, FllghtAttendantCentral 1. Inform me concerning yourself. Make sure to remain proficient during your last interview.This question is intended to get some information about your profession and itemized work history. It isn't about your youth, home or side interests. Recollect that you are being met for a lodge team Job, so your reaction ought to be centered around the important client care Job understanding. Attempt to keep it short, this inquiry is Just a friendly exchange. Try not to uncover data that you don't need your future business to know. Test ANSWER ‘l have been working for as far back as 4 years for Company A. I began as low maintenance junior deals relate and have been elevated to senior deals partner and latest to store aide manager.Meanwhile I moved on fro m College B with a significant in Economical Studies. ‘ YOUR ANSWER www. FlightAttendantCentral. Com 0 2011 Flight Attendant Central. All rights saved. 2. For what reason would you like to work for our aircraft? Try not to go to your meeting without doing some exploration about the organization you might want to work for. Peruse their site and read the ‘About us' or ‘History segments. The initial segment of the appraisal day comprises of a progression of educational recordings about he aircraft, how it was made, plans of development, budgetary outcomes, life in their city, vocation possibilities and other important information.Take a few notes and survey them before your last meeting. You don't think a lot about, be straightforward and let them know so. ‘I realize that your organization has been one of the quickest developing aircrafts on the planet, with various honors won (give a few models here) and receptiveness towards social decent variety. I would be r egarded to be a piece of such an aspiring group. ‘ 3. Enlighten me concerning your fantasy Job. Avoid a particular Job. In the event that you state another Job, you will give a feeling that you may be disappointed with he lodge group Job. In the event that you state lodge group, at that point your believability may be questioned.Talk about the positive viewpoints that the Job will bring to your life instead of naming a position. ‘My dream Job will offer me the chance to travel and find new societies and fascinating individuals. The Job gets me eager to awaken each day, go to work and continually discover some new information. ‘ 4. Accomplish you work better in a group or alone? This isn't a simple inquiry to reply, anyway it is habitually asked during conclusive meetings. You are meeting for a lodge group position. A key prerequisite for this Job is group ark. Try not to answer ‘It relies upon the circumstance'. L want to work in a gathering, however I likewi se appreciate having a piece of the work that is my moral obligation. ‘ 5. How might your companions or collaborators depict you? Set up certain statements from your collaborators or companions. Remain concentrated on the abilities and qualities that are applicable for the lodge group Job. Try not to get into extensive tales about your companions or associates. ‘Both my companions and colleagues would state that I am a solid person. They all realize that they can depend on me to tune in to their issues and attempt to assist them with finding an answer. Mistakes he knows in light of the fact that my region was in every case clean and I never ventured out from home cleaning up the days work. ‘ 6. Enlighten me regarding when you helped somebody. Be set up with certain instances of circumstances when you helped either a client or an associate. Remain concentrated on the necessary aptitudes for the lodge team position. Utilize the names of your partners or clients. â₠¬ËœMrs.. Smith, an ordinary visitor in our lodging has Just checked in together with her niece and twin children. We were not educated that the children will require resting bunks, so the courses of action have not been done and we just had one bed available.I conversed with our supervisor and clarified the circumstance. We requested another bunk that was conveyed around the same time, so I ensured that the room was masterminded, together with complimentary toys and covers and the timetable of the sitter. The two Mrs.. Smith and her niece were exceptionally thankful, and my chief additionally applauded my endeavors. ‘ 7. Educate me regarding a period you made a recommendation to improve business. Discussion about the time you gave a proposal that was additionally used to profit the organization. Try not to inform the questioners regarding recommendations that were disregarded at the time just to be actualized later.If this never transpired, at that point answer sincerely and c enter rather around the effectiveness of the organization you worked for. ‘In the eatery I worked we used to have sugar packs on each table. We were devouring a ton of those bundles each week. I recommended to my director that we present sugar 3D squares on the plate when we serve espresso or tea. He disclosed to me that this cut the sugar utilization in the café by half and the new set-up looked decent. ‘ 8. Inform me regarding the best time you at any point experienced at work. Talk about an effective task you delighted in finishing, not the work environment cafeteria ranks.Take this opportunity to strengthen your cooperative person abilities. Keep the appropriate response short and expert. ‘Every December we have a ‘sales individual of the year' rivalry. A year ago, the business partners partitioned into 2 groups and we had our own opposition to see who sells the most. We had a great time making day by day graphs and presenting them for everybody on obser ve. We sold so much that month, we turned into the top of the line store and we were completely adulated by our administrator. ‘ 9. What are your qualities? The questioner anticipates that you should give instances of how you have exceeded expectations in your past Jobs.Prepare 4 or 5 attributes that are significant for the lodge group position and be set up to likewise give instances of when you showed these qualities. Discussion about your qualities in the zone of client support, cooperation, correspondence, tender loving care or critical thinking. Try not to examine your qualities outside your work zone. ‘l am a cooperative person with superb tender loving care. I offer customized support to my clients while intending to go past all desires and guarantee that my clients get the most ideal help. I likewise can adjust in a quick paced condition. 10. What are your shortcomings? Try not to give data which could hurt your expert picture or reduction your odds of landing th e Position. Uncover a shortcoming just when you have found a way to make up for it. Depict a test a how you conquered it, expressing what you got the hang of during the procedure. Try not to state that you have no shortcoming. ‘l feel that my scrupulousness is my shortcoming. I need everything to be great. Some of the time I get so made up for lost time in little subtleties that I neglect to see the master plan. Let was brought up to me and I had the option to improve myself.I am presently continually discovering says to adjust both the subtleties and the general circumstance. ‘ 11. Educate me concerning when you needed to manage a collaborator who wasn't doing his/a lot of the work. What did you do and what was the result? Keep your answer proficient, short and clear. Concentrate more on what you did to manage the circumstance, as opposed to the amount you positive experience. ‘Sofia was my day of work partner. During lunch administration I saw her being delayed t o take requests and take care of the new clients. I needed to step in her general vicinity and do some portion of her work. After the administration was over I asked her what was happening.I discovered that her ornamented was gravely sick and she Just got the news that morning. I got her out for the following days until she felt much improved. She valued my ability to accomplish something for her and we are currently working very well together, taking additional work from one another at whatever point is essential. ‘ 12. Inform me regarding a period you misconstrued an individual. Utilize a model where you belittled someone, as opposed to a model when you imagined that someone was dependable and at long last they baffled you. End your answer with a synopsis of what your gained from the experience. ‘Our office kid was a timid and held person.One day I began to converse with him and I discovered that he was really an architect in his nation, yet came here to give a superio r future to his kids. He was carrying out the Responsibility to gain proficiency with the language better and comprehend our way of life. We became companions and he was in any event, offering me guidance with a portion of the undertakings I was chipping away at. I recounted to my supervisor his story, and following 1 year he was allowed to meet. Presently he is working in the arranging division. I figured out how to never Judge someone Just by the Job they are doing. ‘ 13. Educate me concerning a test at work you confronted and defeated recently.Talk about the grievances you illuminated, issues you needed to arrange, clashes that you needed to determine. Concentrate on the critical thinking, not on the difficult itself. Try not to put any other individual in an awful light. ‘We got another PC programming th

A Speech About South Africa´s Democracy and Freedom Essay

Greetings, my fellow South Africans. Today we are here to come together and unite in our quest for a continued democratic government. I, BB HH, am the president and founding member of the Democratic Fusion Committee (DFC). This nurtured, beautiful, beloved Rainbow Nation has encountered its birthday of being a democratic society for twenty long, splendid, strengthening years. This society climbed it’s arduous journey out of the rubble and dystopia that was our past and transformed this country from a barren wasteland filled with lies, deception and hate into a utopia from which sprung forth equality, freedom and love. The hands of Tata Madiba, by which this great nation was born, worked tirelessly to achieve the democracy we have†¦show more content†¦With this, a teaching program will be established to revitalize the minds of our nation’s teachers along with new schools being constructed in areas of over-population and high illiteracy percentages. Seminars that are funded by the government wi ll also be available to illiterate men and women of all ages who wish to read and write. This will increase the rate of employment, especially in tourism, and therefore our country’s economy will thrive. I believe that, as a nation, we need to move forward from Apartheid and liberate ourselves from our past in order to move forward. We have sworn to uphold our basic human rights in our constitution and now I swear to you, that I myself will uphold these rights and, maybe most importantly, the right to equality. When I speak of equality, not only do I speak of equality between the races of our Rainbow Nation, but the equality between education, equality between employment and equality between gender. Since the beginning of time, women, of all races, have been confined to the stereotypical ideology that we are inferior to men. I promise you, the people of this nation, that as your first female president, to abolish this ideology within our society. I will strive for women to be able to work in jobs that have previously been deemed fit only for men, and men too, may be able to work in jobs that have previously only been deemed appropriate for women. As Tata Madiba once said, â€Å"Never, never and neverShow MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience And Deliberative Democracy1550 Words   |  7 Pagesor orders. This conc ept that is well known in the context of South African history. There are many examples present throughout history, especially in the new constitutional era, such as fees must fall. In this essay I will consider this concept of civil disobedience, especially in a South African context as well as considering a quote by Jurgen Habermas in an article by William Smith titled Civil Disobedience and Deliberative Democracy. Io will also look at philosophical theories such as liberalismRead MoreCan Democracy And Islam Go Together?2560 Words   |  11 PagesAbigail Adler Professor Luders Fundamentals of Political Science Final Research Essay Can Democracy and Islam Go Together? The implication that the principles of Islam clash with the principles of democracy is very apparent in the Western world, especially after the Jihadist terrorist attacks that took place on September 1st, 2001. Americans tend to view Islam as a violent, savage religion that cannot go along with democratic values. Because Islam is related to terrorismRead MoreNelson Mandel The First South African President1871 Words   |  8 PagesSabrina Younan MR. Montgomery American history February 2, 2015 Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first South African president in 1994, serving until 1999. He won the Nobel peaceprize and he was symbol of a peacemaker in 1993.Mandela was born into the Maida clan in the village of Mezzo, Transkei, on 18 July 1918. He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdton, a WesleyanRead MoreCivil Rights Leader And Lawyer1606 Words   |  7 Pages Civil Rights Leader and Lawyer: Constance Baker Motley (1921-2005) Her Drive, Struggles and Achievements What is freedom? Freedom is the state of being free without any confinement mentally or physically. It is the liberty from any external control or any restriction from the simple things in life. Africans were free before the Europeans started sailing across the ocean. The Native Americans were the original slaves in the United States but they were dying rapidly. The Europeans settled inRead MoreEssay Assignment 1 COM37023974 Words   |  16 PagesAssignment 1: COM3702 Name: Student no : Unique no: 886406 Mr K Ndlovu 47004290 Declaration of own work I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Name : Khumbulani Ndlovu Student Number : 47004290 Date : 03 AugustRead MorePolitical Leaders And Poor Economic Choices Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States was founded to serve as a place of refuge, freedom, and peace. As a country, we have gained independence, fought series of wars, and have continued to grow and adapt in an ever-changing world. Immigrants travel from overbearing nations to escape prosecution, and the American Dream remains a source of motivation for those who make the decision to make their lives better through immigration. To neighboring countries, the United States is viewed as a major world power, an unstoppableRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 PagesNUMBER: 35772085 SURNAME AND INITIAL: Moatshe, P MODULE CODE: COM3702 SUBMITION DATE: 7 October 2014 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own work and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301/2014 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Name: Palesa MoatsheRead MoreIndia s Political And Economic Environment3475 Words   |  14 Pages1. Introduction India and South Africa are members of the five major emerging economies. They are both developing countries however, they are well distinguished for their large democracy, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. This report aims to comparatively analyse whether India or South Africa is in a better position to succeed in the global economy. For the purposes of this report, I will be comparing and analysing each country’s political and economicRead MoreGhan A Nation Of The Developing World1460 Words   |  6 Pages Ghana is a nation in the developing world. Ghana is continuously ranking among the top three in Africa for â€Å"freedom of speech†. Ghana was the first place in sub-Saharan Africa where Europeans arrived to trade. They traded first in gold, next in slaves. According to BBC, Ghana likewise was the first black African nation to achieve independence from the British colonial power. Despite being rich in mineral resources , and endowed with effective civil service. Ghana fell victim to corruption soon afterRead MoreDecolonization and the Rise of the Third World2024 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Major factors leading to the first wave of decolonization in the 1950’s and 60’s Contents Page Introduction 2 History and origin of Decolonization 3 The Major factors leading to the first wave of 4 Decolonization in the 1950’s and 60’s Conclusion Bibliography Introduction In Order that we may satisfactorily

Main Problems of Teenage Pregnancy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 561 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Pregnancy Essay Did you like this example? What is teen pregnancy? Teen pregnancy is when a teen, nineteen or younger, has a child. This can lead to numerous problems, as it is a child having a child. Most teenage moms dont graduate high school and have a harder time supporting themselves. Teen pregnancy negatively affects teen moms because it leads to health issues, a lower chance of getting a good education, and gives them a higher chance to use/abuse drugs. First, teenage moms experience a variety of health issues. Most relate to depression, which can lead to a mother harming herself or her kid. Depression isnt just caused by childbirth, but society around her as well. Most people frown upon teenagers having kids, which could make the mother feel horrible about herself. Society would be constantly judging her, and since she isnt an adult, she wouldnt know how to deal with it. The health issues arent just for her. Her baby has a higher chance of being born with disabilities. Some parents today cant deal with debil itated children, and putting it on a teen is even worse. Second, teen moms have a lower chance of getting a better education. What follows is a scenario. Youre a teenager, you have a minimum wage job, and homework takes a long time to do. Then, you have a baby, and your job money has to be spent on the child. Babies take a lot of work, so your homework is unfinished. Because you dont do your homework, you start failing classes. You start stressing about it, but the baby is more important. You end up dropping out of school, and take care of the bay full time. A few years later, your baby has grown and you need more things for him and you. Without a highschool degree, its nearly impossible to get a job supporting your child. Scenario is over. Thats what happens to most teen parents. 40% of teen moms cant get a higher education or get a better job. A college degree is needed for many jobs, but the killer is no high school diploma. No high school diploma equals not a lot of money. T hirdly, teen moms have a higher chance to use/abuse drugs. 60% of them have used drugs before. This can lead to bad things for the mother and child. Children born with parents using drugs have higher chances of being born with a disability. The mother would usually do drugs after the pregnancy to cope with problems. As I mentioned earlier, depression could be a reason that they use drugs. Drugs like marijuana give a relaxing feeling to teens, making the depression easier. The effect only lasts so long, and theyll crave more. That could lead to them caring more for the drugs than the baby. Teen pregnancy affects teens in bad ways. They are more likely to develop health issues, like depression as a result of having a baby that early. The moms are more likely to not get a better education, as taking care of the baby is a full-time job. This leads to them not getting a diploma, which results in less job opportunities. They have a better chance of using drugs to cope with depression or taking care of a child. Teens should not have children, as they are not ready to take care of a baby mentally or physically. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Problems of Teenage Pregnancy" essay for you Create order

Violence in the Media in Richard Rhodes Hollow Claims...

Richard Rhodes the author of â€Å"Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence† expresses that the media’s portrayal of violence has no influence on those that view it. One of the first tactics that Rhodes used was by attacking the flaws of Organizations who blamed entertainment for the issues of violent behaviors. He claims that due to increased social control over the years has caused a decline in violence. Rhodes’ used thought-provoking tactics attempting to disprove that violence is influenced from the media instead he believes that violence is stemmed from personal violent encounters. Although Rhodes brought about very good points to dispute that violence is not caused by entertainment, it is not convincing. Rhodes article got published in The New York Times on September 17th 2000. He is also a well-respected author with a fair share number of books under his belt. Rhodes’ audience is New York Times’ readers, who might be parents of young children. Th e author’s intention is to both persuade and debunk the notion that the media is the only source to blame for violent behavior. He is writing in a formal style that although there is a target audience, it is still unknown because other audiences can read it due to being published in a public news outlet. He is using objective facts and interpreting it in a subjective manner to prove his point. Rhodes writing formed a very interesting pattern. He interestingly used a counterargument pattern in which he agreed that violence could beShow MoreRelatedCause-and-Effect Relationship between TV Violence and Actual Crimes1755 Words   |  7 Pagesand effect relationship between TV violence and actual crimes? The subject of violence and sexuality on television has remained of great concern for both liberals and conservatives, and there are advocates on both sides of the issue in each ideological camp. While some liberals bridle at any attempts to curtail speech, others are concerned about the impact that violent television viewing has upon impressionable viewers like children and are concerned about televisions possible role in creatingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestruth is out there, and we can objectively know it Philosophical disputes around the role of the subjective in science Epistemological and ontolological disputes: how can we ever know the ‘truth’ and is there an ‘out there’? A few words of warning about the term postmodernism Overview of the structure and rationale of the book Chapter summaries Chapter 2: Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Chapter 3: Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first ? Chapter 4: Neo-modernistRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesimprovement in procurement In the last few years companies have learned a great deal about the need for effective new management of this electronic information technology [beyond their earlier experience in their electronic data interchange (EDI) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) and Intranet installations] and what it has taken to achieve real business results from them. They have become very practical about the demand for integration of administrative and technical processes. They also recognize

In November 1960, At The Age Of 43, John F. Kennedy Became The Younges Essay Example For Students

In November 1960, At The Age Of 43, John F. Kennedy Became The Younges Essay t man ever elected president of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt had become president at 42 when President William McKinley was assassinated, but he was not elected at that age. On Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot to death in Dallas, Tex., the fourth United States president to die by an assassins bullet. Kennedy was the nations first Roman Catholic president. He was inaugurated in January 1961, succeeding Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He defeated the Republican candidate, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, by little more than 100,000 votes. It was one of the closest elections in the nations history. Although Kennedy and his vice-presidential running mate, Lyndon B. Johnson, got less than half of the more than 68 million votes cast, they won the Electoral College vote. Kennedy thus became the 14th minority president. Because of the close vote, election results were challenged in many states. The official electoral vote was Kennedy 303, Nixon 219, and Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia 15. Kennedys FamilyPresident Kennedys great-grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1858. They settled in Boston, Mass. His grandfathers, Patrick J. Kennedy and John F. (Honey Fitz) Fitzgerald, were born there. Both men became influential in state politics. Honey Fitz served several terms as Bostons mayor and as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Patrick Kennedy was a powerful ward boss and served in both houses of the Massachusetts legislature. Patricks son, Joseph, was a brilliant mathematician. At the age of 25 he became the youngest bank president in the United States. His fortune continued to grow, and he was one of the few financiers to sense the stock market crash of 1929. He made hundreds of millions of dollars. Joseph married Rose Fitzgerald, daughter of Honey Fitz, on Oct. 7, 1914. Their first child, Joseph, Jr., was born in 1915. John was born on May 29, 1917. Seven other children followed: Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Edward (called Teddy). All were born in Brookline, Mass., a suburb of Boston. Training Pays OffJoseph Kennedy, Sr., set up a million-dollar trust fund for each of his children. This freed them from future financial worry and allowed them to devote their lives to public good, if they desired. As the children grew, their parents stressed the importance of competitive spirit. One of their fathers favorite mottoes was: Second place is a loser. The drive to win was deeply embedded in the children, and they never did anything halfheartedly. Their parents were careful to neglect neither the intellectual nor the physical development of the children. As they grew older, the children would eat their evening meals in two groups, divided by age. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy ate at both meals. This allowed them to discuss subjects which were of interest to each group. All the children attended dancing school while very young, and all, with the exception of Rosemary, loved sports activities. Rosemary did not take part in rough-and-tumble play. The other children, however, thrived on it. Even when they were adults, one of their favorite pastimes was a rousing and often bruising game of touch football. On pleasant days, Mrs. Kennedy took her children for long walks. She made a point of taking them into church for a visit each day. I wanted them to form a habit of making God and religion a daily part of their lives, she said later in life. With this background, it was quite natural for John Kennedy and his brothers and sisters to excel in school and in sports. John attended public schools in Brookline. Later he entered private schools in Riverdale, N.Y., and Wallingford, Conn. In 1935 and 1936 he studied at the London School of Economics. Then he followed his older brother, Joe, into Harvard University. An excellent athlete, John was a star swimmer and a good golfer. His athletic activities, however, were cut down after he suffered a back injury in a Harvard football game. The injury was to plague him later in life. John and his older brother were very close. While a young boy, Joe said that someday he would be president of the United States. The family took him at his word. Of all the children Joe seemed the one most likely to enter the political field. Joseph, Sr., was named ambassador to Great Britain in 1937. John and his older brother then worked as international reporters for their father. John spent his summers in England and much of the rest of his time at Harvard. The brothers often traveled to distant parts of the world to observe events of international importance for their father. The clouds of World War II were hovering over Europe at that time. Return to the United States and CollegeThe senior Kennedy was a controversial ambassador. His candid remarks about the progress of the war in Europe earned him the disfavor of the English and of some of his countrymen in the United States. His family returned home in 1939, and he followed the next year. John finished his studies at Harvard and was graduated with honors in 1940. Later that same year he did graduate work in economics at Stanford University. He also expanded a college thesis into a full-length book entitled Why England Slept. It dealt with Englands unpreparedness for World War II and was based on Johns own experiences while working for his father. The book became a best seller. Serves with Navy in the PacificA few months before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, John attempted to enlist in the United States Army. His old back injury kept him from being accepted. After several months of exercise, he was granted a commission in the Navy. Eventually he became the commander of a torpedo boat and saw extensive action in the South Pacific. In August 1943, during a night action in the Solomon Islands, Johns torpedo boat was rammed and cut in half by a Japanese destroyer. The force of the collision threw him to the deck, reinjuring his back. Despite this, he gathered the ten members of his crew together. One of the crew members was so badly injured that he was unable to swim. He was put into a life jacket. Kennedy gripped one of the jackets straps between his teeth and towed the man as the crew swam to a nearby island. It took them five hours to reach it. For his heroism, Kennedy was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps medal, the Purple Heart, and a citation. The back injury, however, put him out of action for the remainder of the war. Nearly one year after Johns narrow escape, Joe, Jr., a Navy pilot, was killed when his plane exploded in the air over the English coast. To his brothers memory John wrote As We Remember Joe, a collection of tributes. In 1948 Johns sister Kathleen died in an airplane crash in the south of France. She was the widow of the marquess of Hartington of England. He too had been killed in action during World War II, while leading an infantry charge in Normandy, France. Begins Political CareerThe death of his brother deeply affected John Kennedy. Before the war Joe had decided to carry on with his ambition to enter politics. This caused a certain degree of disappointment for John, because he too had considered that field. He felt, however, that one Kennedy in politics was enough and determined to become a newspaperman. After his discharge from the Navy he worked for a short time as a correspondent for the Chicago Herald American and the International News Service. In 1946 he decided to enter politics. To the family this was the most natural thing for him to do. For his first target, Kennedy chose to try for a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He would represent the 11th Massachusetts Congressional District. His family rallied to his side as he began his campaign for the nomination. Because the 11th district was predominantly Democratic, the candidate for the office would have no trouble being elected once he had gained the nomination. Kennedy and his family worked tirelessly. Their efforts, Kennedys own impressive war record, and his familys political background greatly aided his campaign. He easily defeated eight other candidates running for the same nomination. In office, Kennedy quickly established himself as a moderately independent thinker. Occasionally he voted against proposed measures which had met with the approval of his own Democratic party. He was reelected in 1948 and 1950. An accomplished orator, the young congressman became a popular speaker. Genetically Engineered Food EssayIn November, looking forward to the 1964 presidential election, Kennedy made a political visit to Florida and Texas, the two most populous Southern states. His wife, Vice-President Johnson, and Mrs. Johnson accompanied him on the Texas trip. He had been warned that Texas might be hostile. In Dallas, only a month earlier, Adlai Stevenson, United States ambassador to the United Nations, had been spat upon and struck with a pickets placard. In San Antonio, Houston, and Fort Worth, however, the crowds were friendly, and obviously delighted with the charming young Jacqueline Kennedy. Kennedy Is AssassinatedA large and enthusiastic crowd greeted the presidential party when it arrived at the Dallas airport on the morning of November 22. Along the route of the motorcade into downtown Dallas the people stood 10 to 12 deep, applauding warmly. Next to the president in the big open limousine sat his wife. In front of them, on jump seats, were John B. Connally, the governor of Texas, and his wife, Nellie. The third car in the procession carried Vice-President and Mrs. Johnson. As the cars approached a triple underpass, Mrs. Connally turned around and said, You cant say Dallas doesnt love you, Mr. President. At that moment three shots rang out. The president, shot through the head and throat, slumped over into his wifes lap. The second bullet hit Governor Connally, piercing his back, chest, wrist, and thigh. A reporter, glancing up, saw a rifle slowly disappear into a sixth-floor corner window of the Texas School Book Depository, a textbook warehouse overlooking the highway. It was 12:30 PM in Dallas. President Kennedy died in Parkland Memorial Hospital without regaining consciousness. The time of death was set at 1:00 PM.Governor Connally recovered from his multiple wounds. Six minutes after the shooting, a description of a man seen leaving the textbook warehouse went out over the police radio. At 1:18 PM patrolman J.D. Tippit stopped and questioned a man who answered the description. The man shot him dead. At 1:35 PM Dallas police captured Lee Harvey Oswald in a motion-picture theater, where he had hidden after allegedly killing patrolman Tippit. Although a mass of circumstantial evidence, including ballistics tests, pointed to Oswald as the slayer of President Kennedy, the 24-year-old professed Marxist and Castro sympathizer never came to trial. On Sunday, November 24, as he was being led across the basement of the City Hall for transfer to another prison, Jack Ruby (born Rubenstein), a Dallas nightclub owner, broke through a cordon of police and shot Oswald. The murder was committed in full view of television cameras as millions watched. The Return to WashingtonThe casket bearing Kennedys body was removed to the presidential jet plane, Air Force One, where Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office as president of the United States. Only 98 minutes had elapsed since Kennedys death. All that long afternoon and into the early morning of the next day, Mrs. Kennedy refused to leave her husbands body. Close by her side at all times after her return to Washington, D.C., was her husbands brother and closest adviser, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. Mrs. Kennedy carefully directed the details of the funeral, consulting with historians as to the traditional burial procedures for other presidents who had died in office. Burial at ArlingtonThe body lay in repose for a day in the East Room of the White House. On November 24, in a solemn procession to the slow beat of muffled drums, the casket was removed to the rotunda of the Capitol and placed on the catafalque which had borne President Abraham Lincolns casket. The following day the funeral procession moved from the Capitol to the White House and then to St. Matthews Cathedral. Here Richard Cardinal Cushing, Roman Catholic archbishop of Boston, celebrated Low Mass. From the White House to the cathedral, Mrs. Kennedy walked in the procession between her husbands brothers, Robert and Edward. In a scene unduplicated in history, 220 foreign leaders followed them. Burial was at Arlington National Cemetery, on a hillside overlooking the Potomac and the city of Washington. At the conclusion of the service Mrs. Kennedy lighted an eternal flame at the grave. Two Kennedy infants were later reburied on either side of their father. They were Patrick Bouvier and an unnamed daughter who was stillborn in 1956. On June 8, 1968, the Kennedy family and a host of other mourners again gathered at the Kennedy grave sitethis time for the burial of Robert F. Kennedy. The presidents brother, who had become a United States senator, was shot on June 5 in Los Angeles, Calif., while campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination. He died on June 6 of brain damage. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, a Jordanian immigrant who was seized at the scene of the shooting, was eventually indicted for the murder. For the second time President Johnson declared a day of mourning for a Kennedy. Many of the same Americans who honored Robert Kennedys memory on June 9, 1968, were sadly reminded of an earlier day of mourning. In his proclamation declaring Nov. 25, 1963, a National Day of Mourning for John Kennedy, President Johnson paid this tribute to the slain president, quoting in conclusion from Kennedys inaugural address of January 1960: As he did not shrink from his responsibilities, but welcomed them, so he would not have us shrink from carrying on his work beyond this hour of national tragedy. He said it himself: The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve itand the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Warren CommissionOn Nov. 29, 1963, President Johnson created the Presidents Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy to investigate and report on the facts relating to the tragedy. It functioned neither as a court nor as a prosecutor. Chief Justice Earl Warren was appointed chairman. Other members of the bipartisan commission were Senators Richard B. Russell of Georgia and John Sherman Cooper of Kentucky, Representatives Hale Boggs of Louisiana and Gerald R. Ford of Michigan, Allen W. Dulles, and John J. McCloy. J. Lee Rankin was the general counsel. The report was published on Sept. 24, 1964. Since Oswald was unable to stand trial and defend himself, and in fairness to him and his family, the commission requested Walter E. Craig, president of the American Bar Association, to participate in the investigation and to advise the commission whether the proceedings conformed to the basic principles of American justice. The commission found that the shots that killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. There was no evidence at that time that either Oswald or Jack Ruby was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assassinate President Kennedy. No direct or indirect relationship between Oswald and Jack Ruby had been uncovered. On the basis of the evidence before it, the commission concluded that Oswald acted alone. Despite the findings of the commission, conspiracy theories persisted for decades. The commission criticized both the Secret Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Some of the advance preparations and security measures in Dallas made by the Secret Service were found to have been deficient. In addition, though the FBI had obtained considerable information about Oswald, it had no official responsibility to refer this information to the Secret Service. A more carefully coordinated treatment of the Oswald case by the FBI might well have resulted in bringing Oswalds activities to the attention of the Secret Service, the report stated. The commission made suggestions for improved protective measures of the Secret Service and better liaison with the FBI, the Department of State, and other federal agencies. Other recommendations were:That a committee of Cabinet members, or the National Security Council, should review and oversee the protective activities of the Secret Service and other agencies that help safeguard the president. That Congress adopt legislation that would make the assassination of the president and vice-president a federal crime. That the representatives of the bar, law-enforcement associations, and the news media establish ethical standards concerning the collection and presentation of information to the public so that there will be no interference with pending criminal investigations, court proceedings, or the right of individuals to a fair trial. BibliographyMills, Judie. John F. Kennedy (Watts, 1988). Reeves, T.C. John F. Kennedy: The Man, the Politician, the President (Krieger, 1990). Schlesinger, A.M., Jr. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Greenwich, 1983). Selfridge, J.W. John F. Kennedy: Courage in Crisis (Ballantine, 1989). Summers, Anthony. Conspiracy, rev. ed. (Paragon, 1989). Waggoner, Jeffrey. The Assassination of President Kennedy: OpposingThe JFK StoryJFK